Contrary to the United States’ assertion that it had stifled resistance, Haitian resistance remained and took on new forms; and women participated, even if their contributions were not noted as clearly. That the United States did not leave after the First World War and after the 1920 naval inquiry demonstrates what a useful role Haiti played in the building of the U.S. empire. The violence, so fundamental to the U.S. invasion, remained consistent throughout the U.S. military’s time in Haiti.