Throughout the United States occupation of Haiti (1915–1934), supporters of the armed invasion pointed toward the transportation infrastructure as the principal contribution of the intervention. Although many of the thoroughfares were built using forced labor, Haitian-American contact on roads, bridges, and railways blurred the boundaries between the occupied and the occupiers.
Occupied Thoroughfares: Haitian Women, Public Space, and the United States Occupation, 1915–1924
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